Predicting Depression in Older Adults after the COVID-19 Pandemic Using ICF Model.

This study aimed to test a predictive model for depression in older adults in the community after the COVID-19 pandemic and identify influencing factors using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). The subjects of this study were 9920 older adults in South Korean local communities. The analysis results of path analysis and bootstrapping analysis revealed that subjective health status, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), number of chronic diseases, social support satisfaction, household economic level, informal support, and participation in social groups were factors directly influencing depression, while formal support, age, gender, education level, employment status, and participation in social groups were factors indirectly affecting it. It will be needed to prepare measures to prevent depression in older adults during an infectious disease pandemic, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, based on the results of this study.

Effects of telehealth on functional capacity, mental health and quality of life among older people with dementia: LAPESI telehealth protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Telehealth can be an alternative action at a distance that can help as a form of motor intervention, alleviating the deleterious effects arising from social distancing on functional capacity, mental health and quality of life among older people with dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic. PURPOSE: We aim to analyze the effects of a telehealth program on functional capacity, mental health and quality of life among older people with dementia and their caregivers. METHODS: seventy-eight individuals with mild and moderate dementia and their caregivers will answer an anamnesis and be evaluated through Clinical Dementia Assessment Score. They will also be evaluated by blinded examiners in terms of functional capacity (Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0), mental health (Mini-Mental State Examination, Clock Drawing Test, Verbal Fluency test and the Neuropsychiatric Inventor) and quality of life (Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease scale). Afterward, the volunteers will be randomized into the telehealth training group and the control group. The TR will perform systematic physical and cognitive exercises in 50-min sessions three times a week with professional monitoring, while the CG will receive non-systematized guidance, both for 12 weeks. Participants will be evaluated at baseline, immediately after the three-month interventions and with a 12-week follow- up. DISCUSSION: Technological approaches such as telehealth can be a viable alternative in home care service during times of pandemic. We expect that older people with dementia and their caregivers have high adherence to the telehealth program and improve their functional capacity, mental health and quality of life of older people with dementia. Telehealth is an alternative that can contribute to public policies and the development of effective intervention strategies that neutralize adverse outcomes. It can also be presented as an alternative to home care services, which could reduce demands for health resources.

A systematic review on physical function, activities of daily living and health-related quality of life in COVID-19 survivors.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the published studies that investigated the physical function, activities of daily living and health-related quality of life in COVID-19 survivors. DESIGN: Systematic review. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, and Cochrane Library for studies that evaluated the physical function, activities of daily living and health-related quality of life after COVID-19 from the earliest date available to July 2021. Two independent reviewers screened and selected the studies. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate methodological quality. RESULTS: We included 35 studies in this systematic review. Of the 35 studies included, 28 were cohort, and 7 cross-sectional studies The studies demonstrated that COVID-19 survivors had reduced levels of physical function, activities of daily living, and health-related quality of life. Furthermore, incomplete recovery of physical function, and performance in activities of daily living were observed 1 to 6 months post-infection. DISCUSSION: Physical disability and reduction in health-related quality of life is a common condition in post-COVID-19 and impairments may persist up to 1 to 6 months. Researchers and clinicians can use these findings to understand the potential disabilities and rehabilitation needs of people recovering from the COVID-19.

Factors associated with disability in patients after discharge from Intensive Care Units COVID-19

Objective: to evaluate factors associated with disability of patients after hospital discharge in COVID-19intensive care units. Methods: cross-sectional analytical research with sociodemographic, clinical, self-perception of health and WHODAS 2.0 scale data of patients discharged from a teaching hospital. Patients admitted to an intensive care unit for COVID-19 for more than eight days, discharged from the hospital at least 365 days before data collection and older than 18 years were included. Information analysis was performed using data mining. Results: 32 individuals were eligible, 25% were disabled. These individuals presented low cognition, mobility, self-care, limitation in daily activities, justified by biological and clinical parameters. Still, 37% by obesity and polymedication, 75%, impaired concentration and 50%, neurological developments. The length of hospitalization and the therapeutic resources demanded in this period were also associated with the disability observed. Conclusion: the COVID-19 virus added to the length of hospitalization and clinical factors ware related to disability 12 months after hospital discharge with strong presence of neurological symptoms. Contributions to practice: it is expected to contribute to the understanding of the long-term impacts of COVID-19, enabling to offer better assistance and quality of life to patients affected by the disease.

Long-term self-reported health and disability after COVID-19 in public employees.

BACKGROUND: Although the symptomatology has been assessed in multiple studies among persons recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), less is known regarding long-term general health and disability. We aimed to assess long-term self-reported disability in public employees after predominantly mild COVID-19 in comparison with individuals who had negative COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test results. METHODS: Public employees within Region Västra Götaland were offered tests to identify SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 56,221) and were invited to complete an online survey that included the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule. Questionnaires were sent out between January 26 and March 5, 2021. A total of 14,222 (25.3%) employees responded, of which 10,194 (18%) were included (women n = 8749, 85.8%). Of these, 7185 (70.5%) participants had a negative PCR test result (controls). A total of 1425 (14%) had a positive PCR result and were categorized in the sub-acute phase (4-12 weeks post COVID-19), and 1584 (15.5%) had a positive PCR test and were categorized in the post COVID-19 phase (> 12 weeks). RESULTS: Fifty-two percent of controls rated disability of varying degrees, versus 73% and 64% of participants in the sub-acute and post COVID-19 phase, respectively. Being "emotionally affected" was the most frequently reported disability in the sub-acute phase, the post COVID-19 phase, as well as in controls. The proportion of participants reporting difficulties for 20-30 days was higher in the sub-acute phase than in the post COVID-19 phase (27.9% vs. 21.8%, p < 0.001) as well as in a comparison between participants in the post COVID-19 phase and controls (21.8% vs 14.2%, p < 0.001). Compared with controls, severe disability was more common in the post COVID-19 phase among both women (15.8% vs. 10.7%,), and men (9.8% vs. 6.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Disability was present in all groups; however, reported disability was greater in the sub-acute phase than in the post COVID-19 phase. The higher levels of disability reported in the COVID-19 patient population may indicate a persisting need for rehabilitation and recovery. In general, women reported a greater degree of disability than men in the sub-acute and post COVID-19 phases.

Functioning issues in inpatients affected by COVID-19-related moderate pulmonary impairment: a real-practice observational study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlations between clinical, functional, and radiological outcomes in inpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: In this observational study, we recruited inpatients affected by moderate COVID-19 disease. The clinical evaluation comprised the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS), numerical rating scale (NRS), modified Rankin scale (mRS), and the modified Borg dyspnea scale (mBDS). Respiratory involvement was assessed with computed tomography (CT) and graded with a CT-severity score (CT-SS). We retrospectively assessed functioning using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) codes of the Clinical Functioning Information Tool (ClinFIT) COVID-19 in the acute phase. Correlation analysis was performed 1) between clinical, instrumental, and functional parameters and 2) between ICF categories. RESULTS: The data showed statistically significant moderate correlations between CT-SS and the following categories: b152 "emotional functions" and b440 "respiratory functions". CONCLUSION: This is the first study to use the ICF framework in people with a moderate form of COVID-19 in the acute phase. Considering the correlations between some ICF categories and radiological findings, our results support the use of the ClinFIT COVID-19 for a comprehensive assessment of COVID-19 patients.

Effectiveness of Medical Rehabilitation of Patients after a New Coronavirus Infection in a Day Hospital

Aim. To investigate the prevalence of clinical manifestations of post-coronavirus syndrome and evaluate the effectiveness of medical rehabilitation course in patients after new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in a day care hospital, taking into account the severity of the disease course. Material and methods. At the first stage of the study, 203 residents of the Ivanovo region (140 women and 63 men) aged 40 to 80 years who had a new coronavirus infection, who had no more than one year since the onset of the disease, were surveyed on the basis of the Ivanovo State Medical Academy (ISMA) of the Ministry of Health of Russia. For this purpose, “COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Screening (C19-YRS)” telephone screening questionnaire was used, developed by groups of rehabilitation therapists from the training medical centers of the National Health Service of Great Britain to identify multisystem functional disorders of patients who have suffered a new coronavirus infection, and to address the need for rehabilitation intervention. At the second stage, 54 patients (38 women and 16 men) aged 29-81 years were examined, who were admitted to the 3rd stage of rehabilitation in the department of medical rehabilitation of patients with somatic diseases of the ISMA Clinic after suffering a new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Among them, 3 groups were formed depending on the severity of the infection: 16 patients with a mild course of the disease made up the 1st group, 20 patients who had a moderate course of coronavirus infection - the 2nd group, 18 patients with a severe course of COVID-19 - 3rd group. Results. The questionnaire showed that COVID-19 survivors had a multisystem decrease in functioning, which was maximally pronounced during the first month from the onset of the disease and did not return to the baseline level for 6-12 months. The most significant disturbances occurred with patients who, due to the severity of the condition, were treated in a hospital. The most lasting symptoms were impaired exercise tolerance and increased fatigue, which had a significant impact on daily life. In patients admitted for rehabilitation, functional impairments and disabilities were detected regardless of the severity of the course of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). In patients with a mild course of infection, they were manifested mainly by decreased tolerance to physical load, frequent disorders of sleep function, emotions, volitional and motivational functions, in some patients - by mild disorders of respiratory function and cognitive impairment in the form of reduced volume of cranio-temporal memory. In patients with moderate and severe COVID-19, against the background of impaired exercise tolerance function, sleep function, emotions, volitional and motivational functions, we mainly detected moderate and pronounced respiratory disorders, cognitive disorders, which were manifested by decreased short-term memory and attention concentration, increased attention exhaustion, and bradyphrenia. The functional disorders detected in patients primarily led to limitation of their mobility in the form of walking for long distances, ability to self-care and household activities, ability to work, which before the disease did not cause difficulties for patients. Study of the indexes in dynamics showed the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures in improving the functions, regardless of the severity of the course of coronavirus infection. Conclusion. The findings of the present study justify the necessity of early complex rehabilitation of patients by multidisciplinary rehabilitation team taking into account individually detected functional impairment. Individual rehabilitation program should be developed for each patient taking into account the revealed problems on the basis of problem-oriented approach. © 2022 Rostovskii Gosudarstvennyi Meditsinskii Universitet. All rights reserved.

Ableism and Contours of the Attitudinal Environment as Identified by Adults with Long-Term Physical Disabilities: A Qualitative Study.

Adults with physical disabilities experience a continuum of enabling and disabling attitudes in the environment. This study identified where adults with physical disabilities experience the attitudinal environment, the continuum of those attitudes, and how they impact emotional and psychological health and well-being. Focus groups and interviews were conducted in 2019 and 2020 with adults with physical disabilities in southeastern Michigan in the United States. Participants discussed environmental factors that impact healthy aging. From an initial thematic coding of narratives, the attitudinal environment was identified. Transcripts were recoded and analyzed focusing on societal attitudes. Qualitative analyses revealed that participants did not experience societal attitudes as simply positive or negative, and that the contexts in which these attitudes were expressed were not limited to interpersonal interactions. Rather, these attitudes were also experienced in the built environment and through social institutions and organizations and their programs, systems, and structures that provide or deny needed accommodations, resources, and support. The spectrum of overlapping attitudes that participants articulated ranged from understanding and supportive, to not understanding, to being viewed and treated as less than human. Societal structures reflect and influence societal attitudes and have material consequences on the lives of adults with physical disabilities.

Application of the ICF and OTPF-4 to Conceptualize the Dual Diagnosis of COVID-19 and Stroke: Implications for Occupational Therapy Practice in Acute and Inpatient Rehabilitation.

There is mounting evidence that the vascular manifestations associated with COVID-19 are linked to ischemic strokes. The emergence of patients with both COVID-19 and cerebrovascular accidents (COV-CVA) has created a need to adjust occupational therapy service delivery for inpatients with this dual diagnosis. This clinical perspective paper conceptualizes COV-CVA as a health condition using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Framework (ICF). The Occupational Therapy Practice Framework-4 was used to guide clinical considerations and recommendations for the evaluation, intervention, and discharge planning of patients with COV-CVA.

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation prevents the skeletal muscle weakness in patients with severe COVID-19 associated with sepsis and septic shock: a case series

Introduction: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) results on muscle strength and functionality in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated with sepsis and septic shock are unknown. Methods: Patients with severe COVID-19 associated with sepsis or septic shock were selected. The NMES intervention was performed on 7 consecutive days in a daily session of 40 min (frequency of 100 Hz and a pulse of 350 μs). Electrodes were positioned in the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles, and inguinal region. The outcome measures were the femoris cross-sectional area (RF-CSA), thickness of the anterior compartment of the quadriceps muscle, rectus femoris echogenicity, International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF)-muscle strength, Physical Function ICU Test-scored (PFIT-s), Morton Mobility Index (DEMMI), and the Surgical Intensive Care Unit Optimal Mobilization Score (SOMS). The patients were evaluated on days 1, 5, and 8. Results: The RF-CSA area decreased significantly (- 16.9%;p < 0.05) from days 1 to 8, but showed maintenance of the thickness of the anterior compartment of the quadriceps muscle (- 3.20%;p = 0.3) from days 1 to 8. These patients showed a reduction of 2.1% per day in the rectus femoris cross-sectional area and 0.3% per day in the thickness of the anterior compartment of the quadriceps muscle during 8 days. Patients showed maintenance of the echogenicity (1.3%;p = 0.8) from days 1 to 8 with an increase of 0.16% per day. All patients showed an increase in the MRC score and reduction of the ICF-muscle strength, meaning improved muscle strength from days 1 to 8 (p < 0.05). The PFIT-s increased from days 1 to 5 and improved until day 8 compared to day 5 (p < 0.05). DEMMI and SOMS scores increased on day 8 compared to days 1 and 5 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: NMES showed a protective effect on muscle strength and improve the functionality of patients with several COVID-19 associated with sepsis and septic shock.

Evaluating the international classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF) framework as a model of community participation for people with chronic health conditions and disabilities

Community participation is defined as an individual's engagement in meaningful life roles such as employment, parenting, education, recreation, interpersonal relation, religion, and healthy living (Iwanaga, Chen, et al., 2021). The ability to assume meaningful life roles and activities in the society is associated with better physical health, mental health, and life satisfaction. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significant negative impacts on the disability community (Lund et al., 2020). COVID related challenges and stressors affecting people with chronic health conditions and disabilities include disruption of daily routines;financial difficulties;lack of access to healthcare, rehabilitation, and social services;unemployment;discrimination, physical inactivity;social isolation;and depression and anxiety. Helping people with disabilities gain control of their lives during and after the pandemic and assume meaningful life roles especially employment in the community may be more important than before.The purpose of the present study was to evaluate constructs of the World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as predictors of community participation. A convenient sample of 952 people with chronic health conditions and disabilities were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) to participate in this study. A hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to answer the research question. For demographic covariates, age, marital status, educational attainment, and low income were significant predictors of community participation. Older adults and individuals who receive disability benefits were negatively associated with community participation, while individuals who are married and individuals with higher levels of educational attainment were positively associated with community participation. For impairments, pain intensity, perceived stress, and depression were significant predictors of lower levels of community participation. However, pain, stress, and depression were no longer significant in the presence of functional disability indicating that the negative effect of impairment on community participation is accounted for by functional disability. For functional disability (i.e., social-cognitive functioning and activities of daily living functioning), limitations in social-cognitive functioning and activities of daily living (ADL) functioning were significant predictors of lower levels of community participation, with limitations in ADL a stronger predictor than limitations in social-cognitive functioning. For person-environmental contextual factors, hope, core self-evaluations, social support, and environmental supports were positive predictors of community participation. Predictors in the final regression model accounted for 48% of the variance in community participation scores (a large effect size). The results support the utility of the ICF as a model of community participation for people with chronic health conditions and disabilities. Importantly, findings of the present study underscored the significant negative effect of functional disability on community participation. To help people with disabilities assuming meaningful life roles including employment in the community, rehabilitation psychologists and counselors must work with physicians, physical therapists, occupational therapists, and assistive technology specialists to help clients maximize their physical health and functioning and provide psychosocial interventions to increase their personal strengths, social support, and mental health functioning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)

2021 AAPM and R Annual Assembly Abstracts

The proceedings contain 460 papers. The topics discussed include: a comparison between in-person versus telemedicine ordering frequency of MRI lumbar spine for radicular symptoms;a dynamic, body-weight support system improves FIM scoring of acute post-surgical below knee amputees participating in inpatient rehabilitation;a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of inpatient falls to evaluate national trends and risk factors using data from the nationwide inpatient sample;activity limitations after a fall injury;athlete identity and common benefits and barriers to sport participation amongst adaptive team sport participants;back pain rehabilitation associated changes in activity limitations and participation restrictions of the international classification of functioning, disability and health;axillary web syndrome in Asian women after breast cancer surgery;benefits of acute rehabilitation in COVID clear patients and changes in the current treatment guidelines related to COVID-19;comparing the reliability and validity characteristics of FIM and care tool: how do they stack up?;and identifying barriers and motivators to breast cancer-related lymphedema self-management programs: a case series.

[Application of the ICF in assessing the effectiveness of magnetotherapy in patients with viral pneumonia associated with COVID-19]. / Primenenie MKF v otsenke effektivnosti magnitoterapii u patsientov s virusnoi pnevmoniei, assotsiirovannoi s COVID-19.

The number of patients who have had pneumonia caused by COVID-19 is increasing every month. However, despite the ongoing treatment, the consequences of this disease are possible, which may appear in the short term or after a while. Pneumonia associated by the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 is characterized by the presence of such complications as cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, sleep disturbances, appetite disorders, etc. Often, pneumonia leads to dysfunctions of the respiratory system, higher mental functions, functions of the cardiovascular system and, unfortunately, possible disability. The search and implementation of new methods of physical rehabilitation is an urgent task of modern medicine. Low-frequency magnetotherapy is one of the safest and most commonly recommended treatments for pneumonia. The development of new methods of medical rehabilitation for patients with pneumonia associated with COVID-19, using physical factors such as low-frequency magnetotherapy, laser therapy is one of the leading fields. Magnetotherapy is included in the recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation for the purpose of anti-inflammatory, decongestant, reparative-regenerative action; improvement of microcirculation, acceleration of the resorption of infiltrative changes (Temporary methodological recommendations «Medical rehabilitation for a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19)¼, version 2 of 31.07.2020). International rehabilitation practice of using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) advises to use it as a tool that allows you to objectively determine the state of health of patients, determine the prognosis of impaired functions and evaluate the effectiveness of ongoing rehabilitation measures. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of the use of low-frequency magnetotherapy in the complex medical rehabilitation of patients who have had pneumonia in the phase of convalescence according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 200 patients who had suffered from pneumonia associating by COVID-19 and whose average age was 54.3±5.8 years. 1st (main) group (n=100), against the background of standard therapy on the 16th day after discharge from the hospital, received low-frequency magnetotherapy on the ALMAG-02 apparatus («Elamed¼, Russia) daily for 10-20 minutes, a course of 15 procedures. The 2nd group(control) included 100 patients who underwent low-frequency placebo-magnetotherapy on the ALMAG-02 apparatus («Elamed¼, Russia). In order to assess the dynamics of clinical and laboratory data and the effectiveness of treatment, control methods were used in this study in accordance with the Temporary Clinical Recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Each patient was evaluated for the severity of the initial manifestations of respiratory failure using the mMRC scale (Degree of Shortness of breath) and the Borg scale, and the quality of life of patients was assessed on the EQ-5D scale. Also, at the time of inclusion in the study and during the control examination after the completion of prospective follow-up, the Individual profile of patients was determined in accordance with the international classification of functioning (ICF) with the data of the «Individual Registration Card of the clinical trial participant¼. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In 43% (43 people) of patients of the 1th group, an improvement in respiration functions was noted with lung auscultation and with spirometry, an increase in the vital capacity of the lungs by 28.2% (p=0.0021), an increase in chest excursion by 53.1% (p=0.0019) a decrease in the level of shortness of breath by 50% and Borg by 33.3% (p=0.0016). According to the data of the quality of life questionnaire (EQ-5D), the patients of the main group showed an improvement in the quality of life by 23% (p=0.0019). In the 1st group of patients, there was a decrease in moderate disorders in the domains «b152 - emotion functions¼ in 45% of patients; «b440 - respiratory functions¼ in 87% of patients; «b455 - exercise tolerance functions¼ in 74% of patients; «b134 - sleep functions¼ in 30% of patients; «d450 - walking¼ in 100% of patients. In the general blood analysis of patients of the 1st (main) group, there was a relief of leukocytosis, normalization of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). In the 1st group a decrease in the duration of being on the sick list was observed for 3.4±0.2 days. CONCLUSION: The inclusion of low-frequency magnetic therapy in the complex rehabilitation of patients who have suffered pneumonia associated by COVID-19 contributes to improving the function of external respiration of patients, regression of residual infiltrative changes in the lungs after pneumonia, relief of residual manifestations of the inflammatory process, reducing the duration of the rehabilitation period and the duration of disability, improving the general well-being of patients, increasing tolerance to physical exertion, normalization of the psycho-emotional state and, as a result,, restoring activity in everyday life and improving the quality of life of patients. The researchers did not register any side effects and side effects of magnetic therapy from ALMAG-02 apparatus (Elamed, Russia).

"Rehabilitation Research Framework for Patients With COVID-19" Defined by Cochrane Rehabilitation and the World Health Organization Rehabilitation Programme.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in a surge of research activity. Since its outset, efforts have been made to guide the rapid generation of research in medicine. There are gaps in some areas of rehabilitation research for patients with COVID-19. The development of a specific research framework might serve to help monitor the status of research (mapping), shape and strengthen research by pointing to under-investigated areas, and promote rehabilitation research in this context. This article introduces and discusses the COVID-19 Rehabilitation Research Framework (CRRF) and presents the methodology used for its development. The questions have been developed among the World Health Organization (WHO) Rehabilitation Programme, Cochrane Rehabilitation, and the experts of its Rehabilitation-COVID-19 Evidence-based Response Action International Multiprofessional Steering Committee. The framework is divided into 2 parts and includes 20 questions organized in 4 groups: epidemiology, and evidence at the micro- (individual), meso- (health services), and macro- (health systems) levels. The CRRF offers a comprehensive view of the research areas relevant to COVID-19 and rehabilitation that are necessary to inform best practice and ensure rehabilitation services and health systems can best serve the population with COVID-19. The collaboration between Cochrane Rehabilitation and the WHO Rehabilitation Programme in establishing the CRRF brought together perspectives from the health systems, health management, and clinical evidence. The authors encourage researchers to use the CRRF when planning studies on rehabilitation in the context of COVID-19.

Expert consensus on protocol of rehabilitation for COVID-19 patients using framework and approaches of WHO International Family Classifications.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has widely spread all over the world and the numbers of patients and deaths are increasing. According to the epidemiology, virology, and clinical practice, there are varying degrees of changes in patients, involving the human body structure and function and the activity and participation. Based on the World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and its biopsychosocial model of functioning, we use the WHO Family of International Classifications (WHO-FICs) framework to form an expert consensus on the COVID-19 rehabilitation program, focusing on the diagnosis and evaluation of disease and functioning, and service delivery of rehabilitation, and to establish a standard rehabilitation framework, terminology system, and evaluation and intervention systems based the WHO-FICs.